Procedural violations as a contribution to high-risk accidents Essays

Procedural infringement as a commitment to high-chance mishaps Essays Procedural infringement as a commitment to high-chance mishaps Essay Procedural infringement as a commitment to high-chance mishaps Essay Artisan ( 1997 refered to in Lawton, 1998, p. 79 ) examines that procedural misdeeds have been a significant contributory factor to 70 % of the whole mishaps in awful ventures. This is farther delineated by Walker, et Al. ( 2012 ) where they investigated 108 deadly mishaps detailed in 2010 and 2011 inside oil and gas industry. The study uncovered that unwilled wrongdoings caused 19 % of the human passings, and realizing misdeeds caused 15 % of the human passings. Investigates ( Bowonder, 1987 ; Meshkati, 1991 ; Gupta, 2002 ; Chouhan, 2005 ) show that realizing offenses were a favorable reason for Methyl isocyanate ( MIC ) escape in the Bhopal cataclysm happened in 1984. Wellbeing basic hardware, for example, the infrigidation unit to keep up MIC underneath 5Â °C, blowhole gas scrubber intended to kill the poisonous discharge and style tower intended to fire out extra MIC bluess were non chipping away at the twenty-four hours of the episode ; by and by, the creation was permitted to go on. Besides, the test of the Texas City processing plant explosion uncovered that the administrators and directors were permitted to change, alter, include or take procedural stairss with no capable reappraisals, and procedural divergences were an adequate example inside the works ( MacKenzie, et al. , 2007 ; CSB, 2007 ) . These informations and episode discoveries give affirmatory grounds that missteps and misdeeds identified with the noncompliance of processs are as yet a rehashing contributory factor in mishaps inside oil and gas industry. The test of Laurence ( 2005 ) on the reasons for procedural noncompliance in Australian excavators found that somewhere in the range of 19 % of the laborers felt that the processs need existent universe misgiving, 18 % that there are unreasonably numerous processs to recover, 16 % that the processs are exorbitantly intricate, 12 % that the processs are non in a field semantic correspondence and 10 % that the processs are hapless in footings of substance. The ongoing examination of Dahl, et Al. ( 2013 ) among the representatives of Norse seaward assistance vass were other than measurably demonstrated that the procedural similarity relies upon the employees’ dread of the substance of the processs. The discoveries of Laurence ( 2005 ) and Dahl, et Al. ( 2013 ) were fortified by Dahl ( 2013 ) in an overview inside the unrefined petroleum industry and found that dish to the processs, ease of use and readiness have direct impact on the procedural similarity. These in twist organizations that the main driver of operators’ error and wrongdoings identified with the procedural congruity are non only the obligation of a worker, however bearing other than have an of import capacity to ensure that processs are structured with the human capablenesss and limitations in head. Examination laborers have proposed grouped techniques to order procedural defiance. Techniques must qualify the working limits and impacts that may result while occupying from the working limits ( Hughes and Kornowa-Weichel, 2004 ) . The executives must distribute a competent issue master to reevaluate the processs to ensure capable truth and substance of the processs before the endeavor executing ( Inaba, et al. , 2004 ) . Levels, framework limits, set focuses and outlines to be remembered for the complex processs to chop down human missteps. Techniques must qualify the moves to be made if the parametric amounts are non consented to or out of degree ( Cullan and Anderson, 2005 ) . An each piece significant feature is that it is important to influence framework end-clients in the procedural improvement to chop down human missteps. The procedure configuration must ensure that procedure substance, format and introduction conform to the business best example and can be utilized and comprehended by end-clients, unconventionally according to security basic tasks ( Cullen, 2007 ) . By a similar thing, Bates and Holroyd ( 2012 ) specify that most recent form of the processs must be simple open to shop-floor laborers. Understandings should other than be in topographic point for ordinary reappraisal and update in accordance with the adjustment of work method and for regulating frameworks to check similarity with processs. It is all of import that processs must be in a basic semantic correspondence that the administrator will simple comprehend ( Cullen and Anderson, 2005 ; Bates and Holroyd, 2012 ) . Human components in arrangement and skill heading Bettering the ability of representative is cardinal to propel security awareness and chop down human errors. Insufficient planning every now and again results in the lack of capable achievement and security cognizance. The authoritative variables like inability to set up arrangement framework and staff ain components like hapless mentality to growing much of the time produce inadequate workers and human missteps ( Shi Wenwen, et al. , 2011 ) . To embody, the Longford Royal Commission explored the Esso Longford explosion brought up that inconsistent arrangement of laborers and directors was a reason for the mishap ( Dawson and Brooks, 1999 ; Barnett, 2006 ; Hopkins, 2000 ) . Also, the test of the British Petroleum ( BP ) Texas City processing plant explosion distinguished that BP neglected to ensure the methodology wellbeing cognizance of treatment facility powers. The over-dependence on BP’s Computer Based Training ( CBT ) caused inconsistent capability of representatives ( Baker, et al. , 2007 ) . It was distinguished that there were no equivalent frameworks in topographic point to design overseeing unnatural condition of affairss ( CSB, 2007 ) and for affirmation of the administrator perception and makings ( MacKenzie, et al. , 2007 ) . The discoveries from these mishaps recommend that organizations must hold vivacious capability heading frameworks in topographic point to prevent human missteps. There have been uncertain contentions about the effectivity of various readiness strategies inside the terrible ventures. Burke, et Al. ( 2011 ) in a meta-examination test led inside the uncovering business found that amazingly member arraigning arrangement is well more useful than less indicting readiness when dangerous presentation disagreeableness is high. Despite what might be expected, Brahm and Singer ( 2013 ) did non happen a readiness strategy better than some other. On the parity, it is reasonable to recommend that latent arrangement, for example, CBT must non supplant increasingly interesting schoolroom and commonsense planning Sessionss inside the awful ventures. Such conclusions must be founded on money saving advantage examination to prevent comparable skill issues distinguished in the BP Texas City mishap. A few human components surveies have showed up in ongoing mature ages reporting the planning issues. Hughes and Kornowa-Weichel ( 2004 ) demanded the significance of keeping the ability of coaches. Records must keep up of what has been canvassed in the planning and what headway has been made to keep up the way of employees’ ability. Researchers other than recommend that planning ought to incorporate an extent of ordinary and exigency activity situations, and should focus on security basic endeavors, and for which there might be spreads in capability ; exceptionally, for endeavors that are inconsistently performed and new endeavors presented ( Cullen, 2007 ; Cullen and Anderson 2005 ) . Ganguly ( 2011 ) shows that heading should ensure such an extensive amount data are non given to representatives in less clasp that will be difficult to retain, and worker may non comprehend to the full about the new occupation. Organizations ought to other than ensure that each basic security processs are upheld with planning to ensure employees’ congruity ( Bates and Holroyd ; 2012 ) . Smithers ( 2010 ) and Ganguly ( 2011 ) specify that frameworks must be in topographic point for proceeded and boost arrangement and post-preparing rating to keep and better the competency of representatives to hinder human mix-ups. Human variables in danger evaluation The wellbeing and solidarity of any technique works are reliant on the nature of the plan. It is non amazing with the goal that capable plan factors and structure disappointments overwhelm the Process Hazard Analysis ( PHA ) resulting in less complement on human-related issues ( Kariuki and Lowe, 2007 ) . The review of Skogdalen and Vinnem ( 2011 ) is a push to go to this issue of how the Human and Organization Factors ( HOFs ) are incorporated and reflected in the Quantitative Risk Assessment ( QRA ) inside the Norse Shelf and UK. Skogdalen and Vinnem ( 2011 ) explored 15 QRAs for various installings gathered from five runing organizations. It has been discovered that five QRAs were secured the capable and operational danger decline factors and no going to were given to HOFs, eight QRAs clarified the significance of HOFs somewhat ; by and by, the impact of the appraisal hypothetical record and calculations on the framework only disclosed to a constrained broaden, two QRAs examined the HOFs in an organized way using a measure technique which recognized the reasons for missteps and controls and hypothetical records were balanced blending to the discoveries, and none of the QRAs considered HOFs are only all of import as capable 1s. This appears to formalize the situation of Kariuki and Lowe ( 2007 ) that less emphasize is given to human related issues contrasted with the structure factors in the technique risk investigation surveies. This is farther delineated in the test of BP Texas City treatment facility explosion that the wellbeing bearing arrangement of BP neglected to ensure equivalent assignment, risk examination, following and correction of method security perils ( Baker, et al. , 2007 ) . During the past decennary, the coordinating of HOFs into the disappointment possibility and risk examination has been l

(the questions shows in the PDF document) Essay

(the inquiries appears in the PDF record) - Essay Example The achievement that the House had in social changes saw it offer ascent to the separist development, which implied that it turned out to be socially adequate for a lady to carry on with her life and stay single or not get kids, and rather build up her expert profession. Jane Addams was one of the pioneers in the Hull house and would proceed to turn into the main American lady to be granted the Nobel Peace Prize for her social change approaches that would empower ladies to get fundamental rights remembering the option to decide in favor of the considerable number of states (Legates 267). Q.2 The New Deal that was started by Franklin Roosevelt was to build up the economy through the extraordinary gloom and it saw with it the incorporation of a few projects for ladies. New posts were made so ladies could get work regardless of whether single. The view at the time had been that ladies ought to be hitched once they choose to have kids and all administration arrangement at the time was dr afted on this suspicion. The New Deal anyway recognized the presence of single parent families explicitly single parents and widows and remembered them for their activity creation acts despite the fact that some of Roosevelt’s bureau individuals didn't affirm of this. ... from princely single parent families that had been recipients of the approaches enacted during the Roosevelt period permitting ladies to work in ventures regardless of whether not wedded. There was an improvement of associations that were not of any chain of importance, for example, the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, and the Students for a Democratic Society. The gatherings despite the fact that were dynamic saw an ascent in pettiness as a portion of the senior ladies were as yet alloted to essential jobs as bringing rewards or taking notes until one of the male individuals raised a protest over it. There was an ascent in dark woman's rights in these associations as was seen when the female individuals from the gathering sorted out a demonstration to fight their side-covering. White ladies likewise censured the SNCC for their minimization and even drafted a paper that they introduced to the then administrator Stokeley Carmichael that said that the status of ladies in the association is equivalent to that of the dark individual employed by a company with the end goal of assorted variety. They are there just to introduce an alluring picture however don't do much in the association (LeGates 361). Q.4 Women in the social liberties developments performed exercises, for example, enrolling voters and enrolling the assistance of more seasoned ladies all the more so of the dark network where they were seen as the pioneers of the network. The Women activists additionally originated from strict foundations and not at all like in the past where the network denounced them, they received some commendation from their friends for their activism. Shulamith Firestone was one of the most outstanding activists of her age with her push for the affirmation of the female plan which was getting sidelined as the Vietnamese war reached a conclusion and the vast majority of the soldiers were going back home as national saints

code of ethics :: essays research papers

What I have encountered over my 43 years of living, both by and by and expertly, structures my contemplations, convictions and emotions and in this way drives what I can call my own code of morals. The accompanying quickly depicts the center goals that I keep up:  ·Ã‚     Honesty †I immovably accept that trustworthiness is the best approach. It should be an outrageous circumstance that includes genuine injury, harm or different misfortune that will persuade me that not being honest is ideal. I understand that reality can frequently be exceptionally agonizing, can cause outrage, doubt and scorn however I feel that on the off chance that I have been honest and given somebody the entirety of the data, they will conceivably hold me in a higher respect. This trustworthiness will ideally permit a more prominent trust among us and future dealings will be less inclined to be stressed.  ·Ã‚     Legal †I am an individual that observes the rules that everyone must follow. I feel that it isn't right to take, cheat, lie or deceive with the aim to make an individual addition. I endeavor to be a decent resident. I work in the pharmaceutical business. The FDA code of guidelines requires this industry to be rigid in all that we do in the turn of events and assembling of medication items. This incorporates medicate items for food and friend creatures. Ordinarily during the assembling procedure, conditions emerge that would perhaps render an item or procedure unsanitary or defiled. Neglecting to stop a procedure and right this sort of circumstance is viewed as a government offense and is an infringement of the law that is deserving of prison. We have been prepared to treat these conditions genuinely and follow guidelines consistently. On the off chance that we don't it is conceivable that somebody could lose their life.  ·Ã‚     Empathy †When managing individuals and deciding, I attempt to be compassionate and consider a person’s sentiments and the impact my choices could cause on them and how they to feel. I don't feel that it is adequate for me to be answerable for anybody feeling gravely.

Critiquing A Research Article Qualitative Nursing Essay

Scrutinizing A Research Article Qualitative Nursing Essay The issue being inquired about in the article is noteworthy in nursing since it recognizes the procedure, stressors and alteration techniques of a beginner nurture changing into a specialist nurture. This examination could help with growing new approaches on institutional level to permit new alumni modification in their jobs. The creator has connected the noteworthiness of the examination to expanded turnover of new alumni in the medical clinics in the general world. No particular turnover rates have been referenced, in any case, the creator has connected the progress trouble looked by the beginner nurture as the principle thought behind the exploration. The writer of this article has expressly clarified the motivation behind the examination as the transitional encounters from an understudy to a staff nurse㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦..and create hypothesis. The difficult explanation or the examination proclamation is composed as the investigation built up the requirements of the new alumni and r ecognized systems to encourage the procedure of the job change (pg E1). The hypothesis which has been created from this examination could be utilized as a system by establishments to design out procedures of maintenance and development of their new representatives. The impediments have been expressed in the conversation part last section as overlooked encounters of the members and sentiment of social imperatives. The suspicions have not been recorded in any case, it could be induced that all the members were available all through the investigation and information immersion was additionally accomplished. Survey of the Literature The writing survey is huge and applicable to the examination been led. A broad writing scan has been accomplished for classifications that have been defined during the examination. The references reported in the writing audit are clear, finished and present as larger piece of the references have been taken between the years 1974 2001. It tends to be found that the writing survey isn't inside the most recent five years, in any case, it tends to be viewed as that there was quite a while hole between the time of research conduction and the production of the article. In actuality, no writing survey of past looks into of a similar point and hole examination has been referenced in the article. The writing is legitimate, applicable yet the exhaustiveness is deficient. The creator has, on numerous cases, connected the examination classes with the past writing classifications, for instance, the writer has connected the main subject of Getting energetic about the a past research topic by Evans (2001) of time of vulnerability. The writing has been reworded and no statements have been referenced. The writing survey has suggested many research conversation starters: what are the adapting methodologies utilized by beginner medical attendants to manage the progress stage; the systems are utilized by organizations to help newcomers change. Alongside this, the writer has likewise referenced an examination part of effect of medical attendant otherworldliness on quiet consideration in the article. Hypothetical/Conceptual structure The article doesn't specify any use of a hypothetical system for the exploration. Hypothesis and research have a corresponding job towards one another, hypothesis shapes the pattern to lead an exploration and research is helpful to test a hypothesis in various settings (Polit Beck, 2001 pg 145). Various nursing hypothetical structures are accessible; notwithstanding, the most appropriate for this examination is the hypothesis of Patricia Benner which recognizes the characteristics of medical caretaker experiencing the phases from beginner to equipped (article). It additionally perceives the challenges that a medical caretaker needs to experience so as to advance starting with one phase then onto the next; this hypothesis would have been useful in investigating the information and distinguishing the center classifications and subjects. Populace and Sampling The objective populace has been portrayed as the ongoing alumni from the recognition program of the private clinic with a professional training between 6 a year working in ICU, clinical and careful ward (pg E1). The testing size has not been referenced unequivocally referenced in the article, nonetheless, in one of the statements the writer makes reference to Six of the seven staff medical attendants (pg E3), it tends to be concluded that the investigation test size was seven. As indicated by Polit Beck, an example size of 20 to 30 members is required to direct a grounded hypothesis (pg 358). The creator doesn't fundamentally specifies the varieties in the members, for example, age, natural sex, and it doesn't make reference to the quantity of members chose from every region of the medical clinic. No strategy for test determination has been referenced however as per Polit and Beck (2001), Glaser (1976) has distinguished hypothetical examining as a reasonable technique explicitly for grounded hypothesis (pg 356). This examining procedure chooses members on a progressing premise as the specialist comprehends the territory of intrigue and creates classes and subjects (pg 356 - 357). The inspecting size could have been expanded by including members from crisis office, oncology ward and center regions. The interest qualities of members in particular great member, the negative member, dependable member and uneasy member have not been referenced. Alongside this no data of Hawthorne impact which characterizes the impact on dependant factors because of the members information on being under investigation has not been referenced (Polit Beck pg 755). The article doesn't indicate the negative or discrepant member of the examination. Research Design A grounded hypothesis approach has been utilized as an exploration structure for this examination. A grounded hypothesis is the development of a hypothesis from the information gathered and examined (polit beck, 2001). It has in fact assumed a critical job in creating many nursing speculations which are these days going about as a structure for some looks into. It was created by Glasser and Strauss in 1960 and capacities with the advancement of classifications and subjects which are meaningful from the first information gathered (Polit Beck, pg 230). The grounded hypothesis approach is suitable for this examination plan, be that as it may, phenomenological approach could likewise be utilized as this investigation investigates the human beneficial encounters and their connection to nature (Polit Beck, pg 227). The creator has given tremendous data as classifications and topics for the examination replication however no particular authorization has been given. Information Collection Formal unstructured meetings of 50 to an hour and a half have been copied and translated as a strategy for information assortment. Additionally, separate notes have likewise been utilized to record the articulations and social changes of the members. No reason have been accommodated information assortment procedures yet in grounded hypothesis, as per Polit Beck (2001) top to bottom meetings and perception are significant information assortment methodologies (pg 230) alongside archives and other information sources. These techniques are consistent with the examination question. Security of Human Rights There is no notice of the investigation experiencing a moral survey board or council, be that as it may, the article implies the use of educated assent (Polit Beck, pg 176) from the members. The support has been founded on willful premise which indicates the utilization of the rule of self assurance (Polit Beck pg 171). The creator likewise neglects to give proof of double dealing from the cooperation. Moreover, there is no notice of suitable time given by members for the examination information assortment. The analyst has given codes to keep up classification and protection (Polit Beck, pg 174) of the members. The article doesn't expressly specifies the execution of the head of value (Polit Beck, pg 170) yet it could be accepted that has been least hazard to the members. Investigation Information as indicated by the article has been dissected utilizing relative examination which means the correlation of one meeting with different meetings to distinguish shared characteristics (Polit Beck, pg 523). The analyst has used the Glasserian grounded hypothesis approach where the information is conceptualized in meaningful codes which are interlinked by means of hypothetical codes (Polit Beck, pg 523). The creator by means of open coding (Polit Beck, pg 523) has distinguished the center classification of cruising forward as the focal idea which has ruled all the subjects. Specific coding is the second step where the analyst builds up connections between the principle center classification and the sub-classes (Polit Beck, pg 527). Hypothetical codes according to Polit Beck are incredible on the grounds that they give a ton of conceptual significance essential for grounded hypothesis approach (pg 523). As per the article, the different notes were checked from the members for the explanation of the importance. The information examination procedure used by the specialist fits the exploration issue as it builds up a center class which is encircled by subjects or sub-classifications. The classes built up have been bolstered by crude information which has been written as citations in the article further underlining the topics detailed. The clarifications furnished are sensible and lucid with the statements along these lines expanding the genuineness of the examination. Thoroughness The information gathered in the examination has been sound taped and individual codes have been given to each meeting. In addition, separate notes were likewise utilized as a technique for the information assortment procedure. Meticulousness in a subjective research depends on 4 criterias: validity, transferability, steadfastness and lack of bias (Krefting, 1990). In spite of the fact that the analyst doesn't make reference to that a drawn out time has been gone through with the members however the examination members were re-drawn nearer for confirmation of perception notes and interpreted material demonstrating that the creator has invested a ton of energy with the members expanding the believability (Krefting, 1990) of the investigation. The article has two writers however there has been no notice of the

Instrumental and end values Essay

Qualities are one’s judgment of what is significant throughout everyday life. One method of considering esteems is as far as instrumental and end esteems. Instrumental qualities are convictions about the sort of conduct suitable for arriving at specific objectives. End esteems or once in a while called terminal qualities, are convictions about the sort of objectives or results that merit attempting to seek after. This paper will clearly depict the essential ideas of each worth while analyzing my own rundown and rankings of five instrumental and end esteems generally critical to me. End vales can be sorted by two distinct angles, individual and social. My end vales comprise of balance, an energizing life, dignity, a feeling of achievement, and intelligence. The end esteems generally imperative to me lean towards a progressively close to home angle, despite the fact that fairness is viewed as a social end an incentive as per Rokeach. Settling on vital life choices consider these five end esteems. Equity is certainly one of most significant qualities throughout my life. Fairness among loved ones has consistently been one of the significant qualities throughout my life. An energizing life is fundamental for one’s joy and joy prompts a positive emanation encompassing a person. Confidence, a feeling of achievement and astuteness are three angles that are integrated. An individual needs to have confidence and a feeling of achievement to get shrewdness. Instrumental qualities, as per Rokeach, fall in two classes too; ethical quality and skill. The methods individuals use to accomplish their objectives may disregard virtues like trustworthiness, or damage one’s individual feeling of fitness and ability like become irrational. My five instrumental qualities incorporate desire, tidiness, pardoning, obligation, and discretion. The instrumental qualities generally critical to me concentrates more on capability than ethical quality. These instrumental objectives are key angles that attention on seeking after one’s life objectives. Genuineness is the best arrangement. Genuineness is one of the most significant angles in seeking after one’s objectives throughout everyday life. Desire is likewise one of numerous significant qualities in an objective situated individual. Desire is required for one to accomplish objectives and be fruitful. Neatness andâ responsibility are at an equivalent degree of significance in my life . Tidiness is related with duty from numerous points of view. One must be mindful to keep oneself and one’s environmental factors clean which prompts a cheerful way of life. Pardoning and restraint are two sharp qualities to one’s life also. Poise is imperative to prevail throughout everyday life. In any case, each individual has both instrumental and end esteems, each individual varies by they way they request the qualities into needs, which represents colossal variety among individuals. Understanding one’s own qualities explains what is significant, which is fundamental for powerful administration. Pioneers can distinguish and grasp esteem contrasts to improve correspondence and viability. Instrumental and end esteems are both fundamental in accomplishing objectives and having a fruitful life whether it is an individual end worth and social end worth or profound quality instrumental worth and capability instrumental worth. This paper portrayed and recorded five instrumental and end esteem and their significance in one’s life. Qualities are crucial convictions that an individual considers to be significant that affect mentalities and conduct.

Sophocles themes Essay - 2200 Words

Sophocles themes (Essay Sample) Content: Name:Instructor:Course:Date:SophoclesIntroductionSophocles is one of the oldest Greek tragedians whose plays still survive. He was born in 497 BC and wrote 123 plays during his lifetime. He was the most feted playwright of his time. His plays were played in religious festivals of Dionysia and Lenaea in Athens. In his time the Greek empire was undergoing civilization and believed a lot in supernatural. This formed his influence along with a number of other issues. He died in 406 BC but his plays still survive today. Some of his most famous plays are Oedipus Rex the king and Antigone.Sophocles InfluenceJust like Shakespeare, Sophocles greatest influence was his culture. Culture is a verybig determiner of what people become. In this light then the creations of Sophocles are equally a creation of the Greek culture. His works like the tragedy of Oedipus are a creation of his experience of the Greek culture (Gale Thomson, par.7).To understand how the Greek culture influence d Sophocles we first examine why the Greek in the fifth century went to view tragedies. At that time, tragedies were performed only at religious festivities. Such events had huge followings, for instance city Dionysia had a theater which could hold 17000 people.CityDionysia was the most relevant event. Given that tragedies had such huge audiences and were staged at religious events, playwrights like Sophocles might have taken advantage of the events to input themes that had lessons taught and that served to reinforce cultural values.In some segments of the Oedipus plot, there are indications that he tried to reinforce cultural values. For instance in Antigone Sophocles cautions against pride; "All men make mistakes, but a good man yields when he knows his course is wrong, and repairs the evil. The only crime is pride" (Davis 932)and the need to keep honest friends; "To throw away an honest friend is, as it were, to throw your life awayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ (Ormand, par.2). Sophocles play a lso taught about love for one another; "I was born to join in love, not hate - that is my nature" (Storr, 34) and the need for knowledge. "A man, though wise, should never be ashamed of learning more, and must unbend his mind" (Green Janet, 202).The other thing that influenced Sophocles was the kind of legendary characters that his audience had already gotten acquainted. As was with most Greek tragedies, the playsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ basis was a function of the legends, the knowledge the audience had on the legendary characters and the fate the characters had. Legends were attached a great value by the Greek society and were believed to be a reflection of the real life. For any playwright, to have characters that were borrowed from legends authenticated their plays.Sophocles useof the legend of Oedipus was very critical to his tragedy of Oedipus Rex "people of Thebesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬. look on Oedipusà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬.he solved the famous riddle, he rose to powerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬who could behold his greatness without envy (Ormand, par. 14)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Sophocles Oedipus Rex is a very good example artistic drama "Here where the dark forces store up kindness both for living and the dead, there is no room for grieving hereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬it might bring down the anger of the gods" (Davies, 934).In addition, they are respected pieces of reflections of the Greek culture in the fifth century. Such cultures are long gone but were truly very critical in shaping the tragedies of Sophocles. They are true examples of the fact that art imitates life and with no way of life there would be no form of art.In addition to legends and character, the competitive nature of Sophocles may havegreatly influenced his tragedies. Sophocles may have written his tragedy to gain the kind of fame and respect that Aeschylus had gotten from the Theban cycle of plays he had written.He may have also wanted to fill the gap that was there on the Theban history, the legends and mythology. Aeschylus, Sophocles fellow playwright, had written Thebes in terms of myths of the cursed character Oedipus and how he descended from Labdacus, the house that was cursed. The writings by Aeschylus were not very comprehensive. They never told the whole story of the horrors of the descendants, who were cursed, and of the troubled but divinely descended house. Sophocles may have,therefore,seen the opportunity to fill that gap.Sophocles awareness of popularity of some topics may have also been a great influence. Thebes and troy were subjects of interest to his play going public "People of Thebes, my countrymen, look on Oedipus. He solved the famous riddle with his brillianceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ (Ormand, par. 14). In addition, Sophocles may have been attracted by the range of themes that the story Oedipus allowed.For instance, Oedipus story raises the question of what really an individual has knowledge on others, oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s bloodline or even oneself. "Ah! My poor children, known, ah, known too well, the quest that brings youh ither and your need" (Davies, 922).Sophocles Writing CharacteristicsSophocles EraIn Sophocles era of writing Greek empire was developing rapidly and civilization was taking place. There were good school like one Sophocles went to. In addition, there were many theaters around Greek empire that were playing works by great playwrights like Sophocles and Aeschylus. During this time, Greeks used to frequent the theaters that played great tragedies like the works of Sophocles and Aeschylus among others. These kinds of play were very useful in educating, shaping the lifeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s of the Greeks at the time.For instance on the vises of loving wealthhe wrote, "There's nothing in the world so demoralizing as money" (Ormand, par.3) and on wrong doing he wrote; "All men make mistakes, but a good man yields when he knows his course is wrong, and repairs the evil. The only crime is pride" (Storr, 22).Sophocles Writing StylesThe writing styles of Sophocles depend on the translation used. This is because his plays are very old and there have been a lot of translations from his original Greek works since then. Some translations still keeps his poetic form while some have translated it into prose and some have kept a combination of both.In most of his works though, Sophocles uses greatly iambic pentameter in the lines. This style gives his lines a rhythm and consequently the play becomes very poetic. An example of iambic parameter is shown below (Jong et al, 113)."Explain your mood and purport. Is it dread. Of ill that moves you or a boon ye crave?à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒâ€š(Ormand,11).Another technique that Sophocles uses greatly is extended prose monologues strophe (turns) in the chorus chants."Go, quibble with thy reason. If thou fail'stTo find these malefactors, thou shalt ownThe wages of ill-gotten gains is death "(Kamerbeek, 327).Sophocles ThemesSophocles plays have themes such as fate, divinity and divine laws and pre-ordinance. These were notably the concerns of Greece at th e time that Sophocles was writing (Sophoclean Themes). For instance in Ajax Sophocles wrote this on fate; "If you try to cure evil with evil. Youwill add more pain to your fate" (Kamerbeek, 86).At the time, Greece was still developing, and the faith of Greeks on supernatural was constantly examined. In most of Sophocles play fate is the overruling order.This is indicated,by the way, his characters try to use free will, but they never go beyond the cosmic orders. While trying to defy fate, humans are struck down for trying to go beyond their limits as humans. Accepting the order ispart of the harmony that rules in the universe. Going against is trying to disrupt the order and one takes consequences of his actions. In Oedipus Rex, the theme explored is the fate of the characters (Kamerbeek, 87).Fate and divinity are depicted on many levels in Sophocles plays. The themes are extensions of the theme on fate. For instance in Oedipus Rex Jocasta fervently shows her disbelief in prophecie s;"Why should anyone in this world be afraid, since fates rules us and nothing can be foreseen? A man should live only for the present day" (Davis, 932)She,however,is struck by fate and kills herself. By trying to divert disaster, she ironically invites it(Kamerbeek, 93). Oedipus also dies after realizing that the prophecy had been fulfilled."Look ye, countrymen and Thebans, this is Oedipus the greatà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ Therefore, wait to see life's ending ere thou count one mortal blest; Wait till free from pain and sorrow he has gained his final rest" (Ormand, 34).ÂThere are also themes like the ideals of an ideal ruler and statehood attributes. In Oedipus Rex the audience witnesses the character of Oedipus both as a person and as a king. Oedipus conform to ideals of an ancient Greek ruler who suffers with his people, and at the end, Oedipus suffers for his people. It is only via the punishment of the people who murder Leius that Thebes is restored."He cries 'Unbar the doors and let all Thebes, Behold the slayer of his sire, his mother's-...Than man can suffer as yourselves will see. For lo, the palace portals are unbarred" (Storr, 34)Oedipus RexThe biggest theme of the Oedipus Rex is destiny. In the play Jocasta, Laius and Oedipus try to escape from their destiny. They take matters on their own to try to evade destiny. "Not a man can see a day aheadà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬better to live at random, best we can.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ (Oedipus the king, 1068) Oedipus escapes from Corinth to escape from his fate of killing his father, Laius and marrying Jocasta, his mother. On the other hand, Laius and Jocasta had knowledge of the prophecy that the newborn, Oedipus, would kill his father Laius and marry his mother Jocasta. Consequently Laius and Jacosta ordered that Oedipus be killed for them to escape their fate (Goldhill and Simon, 456). Fate is foreboding in this play. The c...

2019 Best Brightest Jeshua K. John, U.C. Berkeley (Haas)

Jeshua K. John 2019 Best Brightest: Jeshua K. John, U.C. Berkeley (Haas) by: Jeff Schmitt on March 22, 2019 | 0 Comments Comments 1,475 Views March 22, 2019 Jeshua K. John University of California, Berkeley – Haas School of Businessâ€Å"Indian-Malaysian German-American; global citizen on a sustainability mission, human rights activist at heart.†Fun fact about yourself: I speak Mandarin, Malay, Indonesian, and Spanish.Hometown: Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaHigh School: SMK Taman SEA – Petaling Jaya, SelangorMajor: Business Administration, with focus on strategy, leadership sustainabilityMinor: Global Poverty Practice (GPP), Blum Center for Developing EconomiesFavorite Business Courses: My top 10: Human Rights in Business; Competitive Strategy; Management Consulting Skills for Social Impact; Alternative Investing: Venture Capital; Private Equity and Hedge Funds, Business Sustainability: Strategies and Tools, Startup Discovery; Project Management; Social Media and Social Moveme nts and Macroeconomics Improvisational Leadership.Extracurricular Activities, Community Work and Leadership Roles During College:Haas Business School Association (HBSA): Director of transfer student integration, Senior Bear cohort leader, and Vice President, MBA Alumni Relations Director of finance and social impact – Tiny House in My Backyard (THIMBY) Founding team member, Envision Haas – Berkeley Haas Student coach, National Diversity Case Competition (NDCC) 2019 – Berkeley Haas Alumni judge, External Case Competition simulations – Berkeley Haas External Case Competition Team (Singapore) – Berkeley Haas Undergraduate student reader, Macroeconomic Analysis for Business Decisions – Berkeley Haas Senior advisor – Microfinance at Berkeley Floor manager and bartender – Nico’s 1508 Head volleyball coach, Berkeley High School Indoor volleyball team captain – Cal Intramural Sports Covenant team leader – Interva rsity Christian Fellowship Volunteer, CalSTAR Program – UC Berkeley Recreational Sports FacilityAwards and HonorsTwo-time Leadership Award Recipient, Cal Alumni Association (CAA) Legacy Student Leader, CAA Student Affairs Department Award, Berkeley Haas Dolores Cerro Department Award, Berkeley Haas The Undergraduate Scholarship, UC Berkeley Undergraduate Transfer Scholarship, UC Berkeley Phi Theta Kappa, Gamma Nu-Vista Honors Society Scholarship recipient, The Bernard Osher Foundation Academic honors (dean’s list), Berkeley City CollegeWhere have you interned during your college career?Associate intern, Business for Social Responsibility (BSR) – San Francisco, CA (Current)Sustainability consultant and research intern, Professor Omar Romero-Hernandez, Berkeley Haas – Berkeley, CAConsultant intern (microfinance), PT Bank Tabungan Pensiunan National Tbk (BTPN) – Jakarta, IndonesiaGrowth and partnerships intern, ThreadWeather – Oakland, CAWhere will you be working after graduation? I hope to return to BSR in San Francisco as a full-time associate after completing my internship in May 2019. BSR is a global nonprofit business network and management consultancy dedicated to sustainability.What company do you admire most? I admire companies that challenge and innovate in sustainability– hybrid business structures exemplified by Certified Benefit Corporations (B-Corp) that shifted away from the consumerism-driven approach to maximizing shareholder value. Corporations such as Patagonia have shown a commitment to improving their supply chain and procurement processes and are investing profits back into improving the community and environment. Startups such as Foundationals, co-founded by my classmate Tim Tembrink and his partner, Philene Tan, have chosen to exclusively use sustainable textiles and ethical labor practices, and offer customers back-end insights into the fashion industry through 360-degree virtual factory tou rs.Who is your favorite professor? Professor Omar Romero-Hernandez is a sustainability icon at Berkeley Haas. Omar is one of the kindest, attentive, and inspiring professors that I have ever met. Omar’s classes highlight the growing generation of socially-conscious business leaders who believe that businesses should be held accountable internally and externally for their practices. Under Omar’s guidance, I have worked on projects relating to Tesla’s supply chain sustainability and optimization, the feasibility of waste-to-energy production in the United States, Life Cycle Assessments of Levi’s jeans, and stakeholder management of Forest Resilience Bonds (FRB), successfully contributing to four sustainable business publications.I do also want to acknowledge Erika Walker, Cort Worthington, Susan Snyder, Ori Brafman, Janet Brady, Roger Mcelrath, Faris Natour, Frank Shultz, Joe Dougherty, Krystal Thomas, Rob Chandra, Stephen Etter, Donatella Taurasi, Jorge Ca lderon, David Levine, Alan Ross, Khalid Kadir, Cleveland Justis, Yiangos Papanastasiou and David Harris. It has been a pleasure learning from all these outstanding professors.What did you enjoy most about your business school? The interpersonal relationships! While the business environment is competitive, the Berkeley Haas Defining Leadership Principles (Question the Status Quo, Confidence Without Attitude, Student Always and Beyond Yourself) set an expectation of culture that all students, faculty and staff could aspire to in their own way. Additionally, about a third of business students are transfers from community colleges, adding a diverse range of perspectives to the classroom. It has been a life-changing experience to share spaces with such unique, passionate and forward-thinking Berkeley students, engaging topics from blockchain to bail reform.What advice would you give to a student looking to major in a business-related field? Embark: Be keenly aware of where your passions lie and understand how business intersects with those spaces. This can be as simple as starting with a list of things you care about or that are interesting to you!Explore: Regardless of whether you are certain of your passions, explore new fields of study, industries, and opportunities. Be curious, love learning, embrace content that is new and challenging, and question your motivations along the way.Experience: Because business is a toolbox and not one isolated skill; gain the necessary experience to back-up your passions. If possible, pair these experiences with analytical processes that will allow you to create data-driven outputs. Having a knack for managing data is increasingly valuable.â€Å"If I didn’t major in business, I would be majoring in or studying International Relations (Peace Conflict Studies/Global Studies) and Public Policy. Being biracial and binational dictates that I work at complex intersections; it is not something that I can separate from my identi ty, nor would I want to. I care deeply about global issues, which are affected by policy, and do not envision an alternative route where I could part ways with these passions. There are many people working for the individual, I want to work for the collective.†Who most influenced your decision to pursue business in college? My mom did! Before moving to California, I was dead set on applying to UC Davis to pursue a degree in Zoology. Seeing that I had not found the â€Å"joy of learning† through the rigid public education system in Malaysia, she convinced me to research academic fields that would involve less memorization, more interactive learning, and allow for my gregarious side to flourish. Both my parents supported this: my dad made sure I had a three-year game plan, and they were right! I found the joy of learning – and so much more – from pursuing business and accessing community college as a starting point.Which academic, extracurricular or personal achievement are you most proud of? There was a point during high school when I felt uncertain that formal educational settings were for me. Because my parents were unable to support me financially after high school, I had to decide whether investing in college would be worth it. In deciding to take the plunge, I moved 8,447 miles from my home of 18 years to California. I worked nine shifts a week at restaurants and bars, saving for two and a half years before enrolling in community college, and eventually gaining admission to my dream school – Berkeley Haas. I am proud of overcoming these life circumstances and continuing to fulfill my life-long commitment to remain compassionate regardless of my own circumstances, never neglecting or forgetting those around me.Which classmate do you most admire? Rani Mavram is one of the standouts. Not just for her wit, but also her contagious enthusiasm, humor, passion, and grit. As a double major in Computer Science and Business Administr ation, she consistently shows incredible discipline, maturity, and truly embodies what it means to be a â€Å"Student Always†. She somehow has also managed to find time to get her motorbike license, travel to Europe, begin instruction for her pilot’s license, and teach a student-led class on product management. She is bold, has strong integrity, and is unafraid of voicing a dissenting opinion. On more than one occasion, Rani has inspired me to reflect on how I can be a better leader and member of the business community. It has been an honor serving alongside Rani on the Haas Business School Association (HBSA) Executive Board.Who would you most want to thank for your success? I would like to thank God and my community of support. Throughout my seven-year educational journey from Malaysia to California, I have found unconditional support. From my high school friends and classmates (Ixoraians), restaurant industry crews (T-rex, Henry’s Nico’s), 2510 Regent and 1640 Scenic houses, my family, Berkeley City College friends, Cal students and alumni, Berkeley Haas staff and faculty, the 2018 UBSLC cohort, 2017 PreCore class, and the incredible transfer student community at UC Berkeley. Thank you all. You have shaped me into who I am today!What are the top two items on your bucket list?Travel the world – Beyond Asia and the Americas (maybe get my pilot’s license too!)Play in an AVP Beach Volleyball TournamentWhat are your hobbies? Beach volleyball, strategic board games, crafting cocktails, baking and cooking, skiing, attending live sporting and music events, watching The Office, and adventures with friends that typically include food and travel.What made Jeshua such an invaluable addition to the Class of 2019?Jeshua is the epitome of our Defining Leadership Principles, in particular, â€Å"Beyond Yourself† and â€Å"Confidence without Attitude.† Hes a transformative leader with an innate sense of purpose and gen uine compassion to help others. A model student, he stretches his comfort zone and goes above and beyond expectations.Jeshua quickly engaged by joining the Haas School of Business Student Association (HBSA), the undergraduate student government. During the first semester, he quickly moved into a leadership role while adjusting to the academic rigor of UC Berkeley. He graciously agreed to serve in any capacity to support student outreach, program activities, mentoring or just rolling up his sleeves and helping out – most often without being asked.I’ve also had the pleasure of coaching Jeshua on an international case competition team, as well as work with and observe his many contributions to program activities and events. It is not surprising to see Jeshua in our office on any given day, ready to join a meeting, support an event, or just say hello. His presence energizes others around him and his ability to influence without authority at this stage in his professional c areer is amazing to watch.Jeshua represents the best of Berkeley. He puts forth an extensive amount of dedication and seriousness toward all of his endeavors. His approachability, humor and humble yet diligent and authentic leadership style translate well in all of his peer, faculty, and staff interactions. Additionally, his excellent interpersonal skills enable him to develop a great rapport with people of all backgrounds.Jeshua will be successful at anything he puts his mind to. His commitment and positive outlook make us proud. His initiative, academic performance, commitment to service, and extracurricular involvement lead me to genuinely believe that he will become an influential member of his generation in whatever he chooses.  He is a leader amongst his peers, and I have no doubt that he will continue on this path after graduation.†Erika Walker Assistant Dean of the Haas Undergraduate Program Page 1 of 11

All About the USS Gerald Ford Aircraft Carrier

One of the newer aircraft carriers is the Gerald R. Ford class, the first one to be named the USS Gerald R. Ford. The USS Gerald Ford is being built by Newport News Shipbuilding, a division of Huntington Ingalls Shipbuilding.The Navy plans to build 10 Gerald Ford class carriers, each with a  50-year  life span. The second Gerald Ford class carrier is named the USS John F. Kennedy and construction started in 2011. This class of aircraft carriers will replace the Nimitz class USS Enterprise carrier. Ordered in 2008, the USS Gerald Ford was scheduled for commissioning in 2017. Another carrier was scheduled to be completed in 2023.   A More Automated Aircraft Carrier The Gerald Ford-class carriers will have advanced aircraft arresting gear and be highly automated to reduce manpower requirements. The aircraft arresting gear (AAG) is built by General Atomics. Prior carriers used steam launchers to launch aircraft but the Gerald Ford will use the Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) built by General Atomics. The carrier is nuclear powered with two reactors. The latest in stealth technology will be employed to reduce the ships radar signature. The Raytheon enhanced weapon handling and integrated warfare control systems will further improve ship operation. Dual Band Radar (DBR) will improve the ships ability to control aircraft and increase the number of sorties that can be made by 25 percent. The control island has been completely redesigned to enhance operations and be smaller. Aircraft carried by the carrier can include F/A-18E/F Super Hornet, EA-18G Growler, and F-35C Lightning II. Other aircraft on board include: EF-18G Growler electronic warfare aircraftE-2D Hawkeye for conducting battle management command and controlMH-60R Seahawk helicopter for antisubmarine and anti-surface warfare dutiesMH-60S Fire Scout unmanned helicopter. Current carriers use steam power throughout the ship but the Ford class has replaced all the steam lines with electric power. Weapons elevators on the carriers use electromagnetic hoists instead of wire rope to reduce maintenance costs. Hydraulics have been eliminated and replaced by electric actuators. Weapons elevators are built by Federal Equipment Company. Crew Amenities The new carriers will have enhanced quality of life for the crew. There are two galleys on the ship plus one for the Strike Group Commander and one for the Ship’s Commanding Officer. The ship will have improved air conditioning, better work spaces, sleeping and sanitary facilities. It is estimated that the operating cost of the new carriers will be $5 billion less over the ships life than the current Nimitz carriers. Parts of the ship are designed to be flexible and allow for future installation of speakers, lights, controls, and monitors. Ventilation and cabling are run under the decks to allow for easy reconfiguration. Weapons On Board Evolved Sea Sparrow missileRolling Airframe MissilePhalanx CIWSCarries 75 aircraft. Specifications Length 1,092 feetBeam 134 feetFlight deck 256 feetDraft 39 feetDisplacement 100,000 tonsPower generation from two nuclear reactors designed by Bettis LaboratoryFour shafts for propulsion (propulsion units built by General Electric and turbine generators are built by Northrop Grumman Marine Systems).Crew size 4,660 crew including ship staff and air wing personnel, 800 less than current carriersMaximum speed 30 knotsRange is unlimited since nuclear reactors can power the ship for many yearsApproximate cost $11.5 billion each To sum up, the next-generation aircraft carrier is the Gerald R. Ford class. It will carry superior firepower through over 75 aircraft, unlimited range using the nuclear reactors, lower manpower, and operating costs. The new design will increase the number of missions that the aircraft can complete making the carrier even more of a force.

physioex 11-2 Essay - 601 Words

Name: ashley wible Exercise 11: Blood Analysis: Activity 2: Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate Lab Report Pre-lab Quiz Results You scored 33% by answering 1 out of 3 questions correctly. 1. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) Your answer : a. measures the settling of red blood cells (RBCs) in a sample of whole blood during one minute. Correct answer: c. is increased whenever fibrinogen and immunoglobulins cause the RBCs to clump together, stack up, and form a column. 2. The ESR cannot be used to follow the progression of which of the following diseases? Your answer : c. rheumatoid arthritis Correct answer: d. gingivitis 3. The ESR can be used to evaluate a patient with You correctly answered: e. all of the above. 10/26/14†¦show more content†¦Why do you think that it has this effect? Your answer: there was a lower than normal sediment rate.The sickle cell shape of RBC does not let them settle. 2. How did the sedimentation rate for the menstruating female (sample 2) compare with the sedimentation rate for the healthy individual (sample 1)? Why do you think this occurs? Your answer: the menstruating females sediment rate was15, this is an elevated sedimentation rate indicating that she has anemia.This is probably a result of the menstrating process. 3. How did the sedimentation rate for the individual with angina pectoris (sample 6) compare with the sedimentation rate for the healthy individual (sample 1)? Why? How well did the results compare with your prediction? Your answer: They were the same. I was wrong when i guessed that it would be lower. 4. What effect does iron-deficiency anemia (sample 4) have on the sedimentation rate? Your answer: Iron-deficiency anemia resulted in a higher than normal sedimentation rate of 30 5. Compare the sedimentation rate for the individual suffering a myocardial infarction (sample 5) with the sedimentation rate for the individual with angina pectoris (sample 6). Explain how you might use this data to monitor heart conditions. Your answer: a person with angina pectoris has a normal sedimenatation rate while a person with myocardial infarction has a high sedmenation rate of 40. you might use thise data to see changes inShow MoreRelatedThe Membrane And The Cell Membrane1217 Words   |  5 Pagesto a lower pressure. This is not selective because the amount of what will pass through is completely dependent on the pressure gradient. Blood cells and proteins are examples of solutes that are too big to pass through the pores (Marieb, Smith PEx-11). Active transport is when energy is required to move a substance across the membrane. It is used whenever substances are too big to pass through pores. 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To plot a graph relating stimulus strength and twitch force to illustrate graded muscle response. 4. To explain how slow, smooth, sustained contraction is possible in

The Moral And Philosophical Values Of China - 1270 Words

The Analects of Confucius, were written around 500 BC and are most commonly attributed to late great Confucius. However, the text was written by his disciples, around thirty year following his passing. The Analects have greatly influenced the moral and philosophical values of China and arguably around the world have been influenced by the moral and philosophical values of the Analects. The passage has remained a fundamental course of study for any Chinese scholar for approximately two thousand years. During the Sui Dynasty, a candidate s ability to apply Confucian philosophy and logic was crucial. So much so, that there was even an examination. The first book seems to be more of introduction to Confucius and his disciples, as well as, a glimpse of the many virtues and personal characteristics one must possess and how one must behave â€Å"The Master said: As a younger brother and son, be filial at home and deferential in the community be cautious I what you say and then make good on your word; love the multitude broadly and be intimate with those who are authoritative in their conduct. If in so behaving you still have energy left, use it to imprve yourself through study†( page 72 section 16). The second book focuses governance, as it is stated at the very beginning of book II â€Å"The master said: â€Å"Governing with excellence can be compared to being the North Star: The North Star dwells in its place, and the multitude of stars pay it tribute† (page 7 section 2.) 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The Increasingly Race Nature of Advertisements During the...

Given the popularity and the exuberant price for a 30 second Super Bowl ad is priced over $4,000,000 (Stauffer, 2013), more and more companies are using racy commercials laced with sexual innuendoes. The use of super model type females trying to sell products to the average football fan aged 18-49 (Gilmartin, 2013), using a variety of themes from Sexual assault (Covert, 2013), to the clichà © that women are crazy (Covert, 2013), to a sexual fantasy with a make out session with a Victoria’s secret model and a nerd (Taibi, 2013), to waitresses turning into strippers (Covert, 2013), the list goes on and on; however no matter how the commercial tries to differentiate itself from the other commercials In the same time slot, one thing Is a common denominator between all of them and that is sex. The first question to ask yourself is, why are the Super Bowl ads such a big deal and how long has this phenomena been in place? Since when have people tuned their T.V’s in to watch this game, and how long have people been hosting â€Å"Super Bowl watch parties† for? What makes this one game such an extravaganza? A game that makes people who normally do not even care to watch the game, nor have any rooting interest in the game, but make sure not to miss a single minute of the game. According to Bill Dorman, (a Millersville University professor in the communications and theater department) believes that this mass hysteria probably started because of â€Å"(New York Jets quarterback) Joe Namath. HeShow MoreRelatedThe Success Of Tesla A Decade Ago2424 Words   |  10 Pagescampaign will build excitement for the Model 3 launch and generate a source of revenue via preorders. Also, this campaign will help build brand awareness and brand image through several IBP techniques. 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Auditors Liability in Global Financial Crisis

Question: Discuss about theAuditors Liability in Global Financial Crisis. Answer: Introduction Auditing is defined as the process of examining the books of accounts and certifying the financial statements of the entity based that examination. The audit is conducted by the members of an independent accounting body of a country (Gray and Manson, 2007). For example, the companies registered and operating in Australia are required to get their accounts audited by a practicing member of CPA Australia. The auditor owes duty to perform their work with integrity and objectivity to the owners of the company and to the public at large. In the circumstances of breach of fundamental principles of integrity and objectivity, the auditor becomes liable towards civil as well as criminal liabilities (Gray and Manson, 2007). This report is about an investigation carried out to find out the liabilities of the auditor in the cases of global financial crisis. The global financial crisis implies an economic mishap that affects all the countries around the world. The finical crisis always takes plac e exploiting the weaknesses in the governance and regulatory system of one country and then it becomes global financial crisis by spreading across the globe. In the context of this, the aim of this report will be to find out the liabilities of the auditors in the global financial crisis by identifying their role in the financial sector. Common Reasons for Major Corporate Collapses and Global Financial Crisis The common reason which has been found in all major corporate collapses is the failure of corporate governance (Clarke, Dean, and Oliver, 2003). Whether it is Enron, WorldCom, Tyco, or Lehman Brothers, the reason for failure of these big corporations was one that is weak governance system. The collapse of Lehman Brothers that occurred in the year 2008, affected the US economy badly (Panfilii, 2012). The research into the causes of failure of Lehman Brothers shows that it was failure of the governance system that laid the corporation to go into the fatal situation. The lack of good corporate governance and stringent accounting rules and regulations enabled the management to manipulate the financial statements. In the greed of jumping high in a quick time, the management overburdened the company with high debt. The financial statements were manipulated to so show the assets at values which did appear to be realizable in the normal course. The company was running its business with a ver y high leverage which gave rise to the risk of bankruptcy and ultimately in the year 2008 it went into liquidation (Panfilii, 2012). It is crucial to understand that whenever the big corporations like Lehman Brother fails, the entire economy of the country is affected (Panfilii, 2012). This happens because these corporations control the resources at the large scale. All the other entities linked vertically or horizontally with the failing company also get affected. Thus, the impact of failure of a large corporation is perceived on the entire economy. The failure of Lehman Brothers in the year 2008 contributed to the financial crisis in the United Stated. Further, failure of banking and financial sector in the United States took this crisis to the larger scale and it spread to other parts of the world resulting into a global financial crisis (Panfilii, 2012). Auditors Duty and Role After getting an insight into the common reasons of corporate failures and global financial crisis, it is important to understand the role of the auditor. It is really important to understand the work of auditor, his scope, and the responsibility areas before fixing any liability on them for corporate failures, scandals and the global financial crisis. In respect of a corporation, the auditors duty is to issue report on the correctness or otherwise of its financial statements. In this regard, the auditor is duty bound to adhere to the legal provisions of the statue governing audit of the corporations and the requirements of the auditing standards (Knapp, 2016). As far as there is no contravention of the legal provisions and the requirements imposed by the auditing standards, the auditor is not liable to any kind of corporate failure. However, if there is clear departure on the part of the auditor from the legal provisions and or the accounting standards, the auditor would be liable f or proceedings. The liability of the auditor could civil or criminal. Further, the auditor may also be liable for the damages caused to the third parties due his breach of duties (Knapp, 2016). The cases of departing from the legal provisions of the statue and the provisions of auditing standards fall under the category of professional negligence. However, it is quite subjective to establish the fact that the auditor committed breach of duty (Plessis, McConvill, and Bagaric, 2005). This is because the auditors work involves subjective judgments and application of the concept of materiality. The concept of materiality entails that the auditor can restrict his examination in relation to material items only. Further, the auditor is also not liable to proceed with the predetermined mind frame to find out some fraud or scandals. The auditor is liable to proceed with due and reasonable care. Now what does this due and reasonable care implies depends upon the study of circumstances in which the auditor performed his duties. However, in most of the cases, where it is apparently clear that the auditor would have found the fraud or irregularity had he performed normal procedures, lia bility would arise. The auditor is in no way liable to perform like a bloodhound but it is expected that he performs like a watch dog. In the cases when the auditor fails to perform like even a watch dog, it raises questions on his competence, integrity, objectivity, and independence (Plessis, McConvill, and Bagaric, 2005). Auditors Liability in Global Financial Crisis As has been discussed in the above sections that the global financial crisis does not happen due to the failure of any one corporation, rather it is the impact of overall failure of the sector or industry (Friedman, 2011). However, the size of the corporation that has failed does matter. If the corporation is as big as Lehman Brothers, it could really hamper the sector or industry and contribute greatly to the emergence of the financial crisis like situation. However, in these situations, if the governance system and regulatory environment is good, the financial crisis could be avoided. Thus, the financial could emerge only if the governance system and regulatory environment of the country is weak. It is essential to note that the auditors play a crucial role in building and maintaining the governance system and the regulatory environment. The auditors owe duty to seek compliance with the rules and regulations and report the instances of non compliance to the regulatory bodies (Knapp , 2016). The failure on the part of the auditor in discharging their duties properly could lead to serious damage to the governance system and which in turn becomes the reason for financial crisis (Friedman, 2011). Thus, it could be inferred that though the auditors may not be liable for global financial crisis directly, but their liability could be linked indirectly through corporate scandals. In this regard, it is important to analyze the cases of corporate scandals to find out the circumstances in which the auditor could be held liable for breach of duties and charged for being negligent in performing his duties. The three big corporate scandals namely Enron, WorldCom, and Lehman and Brothers are worthy to analyze in this context. In the case of Enron, three auditors from Arthur Anderson were found guilty and charged for professional negligence. The CPA licenses of these three auditors were revoked by the authorities (Edelman and Nicholson, 2008). Further, one of the auditors was also prosecuted for civil liabilities where he was found guilty and the court imposed heavy fine on him. Further, the court also found Arthur Andersen, the firm as a whole, guilty of professional misconduct. The aud itors of the firm were found to be reckless in preparing audit plan and assessing the risk of fraud and misstatement appropriately while preparing audit program (Edelman and Nicholson, 2008). The auditing standards require that the auditor consider the risk of fraud and misstatement while drawing out the audit program. In the case of Enron, the auditors did not consider the circumstances which were clearly indicating the risk of fraud or misstatement in the financial statements. Thus, it was a clear departure from the duties and the auditors were held liable for that (Edelman and Nicholson, 2008). Further, Arthur Andersen was also held liable for breach of due and professional care principles in the case of WorldCom. The auditors of WorldCom were also from Arthur and Andersen who were charged for being negligent in discharge of their duties (Lessambo, 2016). The auditors were debarred from practicing as professional accountant by the authorities. In the case of WorldCom, the company overstated its profits by capitalizing the revenue expenses. This breach of accounting principles and standards would have been caught by the auditors had they performed their duties carefully (Lessambo, 2016). Another recent case of corporate scandal is Lehman Brothers. In this case, the company materially misrepresented the financial performance by manipulating the financial statements for several years and ultimately collapsed in the year 2008 (Futures, 2015). The auditors were brought into question later on and in the year 2015 they were held liable for breaching the principle of professional skepticism. This principle requires that the auditor should remain always alert to the events and the circumstances which provide any indication of the fraud or irregularity in financial reporting (Johnstone, Gramling, and Rittenberg, 2015). In the case of Lehman Brother, it was held that the auditors did not follow professional skepticism. The court held that had the auditors been alert, they would have encountered the mess at very early stage which might have saved the company from failing. The auditors were fined for $10 million in this case (Futures, 2015). Therefore, it could be analyzed that the auditors can not be held liable for the global financial crisis directly and no penalty or persecution can be launched against them. However, the auditors owe duty to the individual corporations which they audit and they are responsible for any kind of default on their part in discharging audit function with reasonable and due care (Gray and Manson, 2007). The type of liabilities that the auditor can face could be civil, criminal, or third party liability. As can be observed from the discussion carried out in the above paragraphs, the auditors license to practice can be revoked, fine and penalty may be levied, and even prosecution can be launched for serious damages. Further, the auditors may also be liable to the third parties in certain cases if the third party has suffered due to the breach of duties by the auditor (Gray and Manson, 2007). Conclusion The discussion in this paper revolves around the issue of auditors liability in the case of global financial crisis. From the overall discussion, it could be articulated that the auditors are not directly liable for the global financial crisis because the global financial crisis is the result of many events. A single event that the auditors failed in discharging their functions appropriately could be not be the sole reason for the global financial crisis. However, the role of auditors is wide enough to help the economy and the society to build and develop, therefore, the auditors should have a sense of responsibility. They should work in the right direction to prevent accumulation of the events which could culminate into the global financial crisis. Recommendations The auditors owe duty to the entity and the owners of the entity, thus, they should be diligent in discharging their duties. The work performed by the auditors should help in building the nation from both economic as well social perspectives. The auditor should take responsibility to maintain and promote the integrity and objectivity. They should work independently and in an unbiased manner (Gray and Manson, 2007). References Clarke, F., Dean, G., and Oliver, K. 2003. Corporate Collapse: Accounting, Regulatory and Ethical Failure. Cambridge University Press. Edelman, D. and Nicholson, A. 2008. Arthur Anderson Auditors and Enron: What happened to their Texas CPA licenses? Journal of Finance and Accountancy, pp. 1-9. Friedman, J. 2011. What Caused the Financial Crisis. University of Pennsylvania Press. Futures. 2015. Auditor found liable for Lehman fraud.[Online]. Available at: https://www.futuresmag.com/2015/04/15/auditor-found-liable-lehman-fraud [Accessed on: 05 January 2017]. Gray, I. and Manson, S. 2007. The Audit Process: Principles, Practice and Cases. Cengage Learning EMEA. Johnstone, K., Gramling, A., and Rittenberg, L.E. 2015. Auditing: A Risk Based-Approach to Conducting a Quality Audit. Cengage Learning. Knapp, M.C. 2016. Contemporary Auditing. Cengage Learning. Lessambo, F. 2016. The International Corporate Governance System: Audit Roles and Board Oversight. Springer. Panfilii, A. 2012. Failure of corporate governance intention or negligence. [Online]. Available at: https://www.actionamresponsabil.ro/failure-of-corporate-governance-intention-or-negligence/17037 Plessis, J.D., McConvill, J., and Bagaric, M. 2005. Principles of Contemporary Corporate Governance. Cambridge University Press.

Happiness Essay Example For Students

Happiness Essay HappinessHappiness: In one word, this concept exemplifies the American dream. People go to any means by which to obtain the many varied materials and issuesthat induce pleasures in each individual, and intrinsically, this emotionremains the ultimate goal, John Stuart Mill, a nineteenth century philosopher,correctly advocated the pursuit of happiness, and maintained the concept thatabove all other values, pleasure existed as the final destination, Millshedonistic views correctly and rationally identified a natural human tendency,and his Utilitarian arguments strongly support the theory that above all else,happiness is the most important dream to be fulfilled. Upon researching forthis paper, I came across a counter argument, which was based on metaphysics. Immanuel Kant, in Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals, defends his strongbeliefs in the issue of a good will, and surfaces as MMs chief opponent on thetopic of metaphysics, The issue diminishes to a clash between emotions andpleasures ve rses rationality and logic. Yet, what use is logic when the goodagent is miserable? Mills stance within Utilitarianism exists as the morefavorable of the two beliefs, for happiness exist as the one intrinsicallyfavorable element, not an emotionless mind. The main defender of the Utilitarian system exists within the Greatesthappiness Principle. Mill lived as a chief advocate of this concept, whichsupports the idea that a decision is morally correct as long as it increases andencourages pleasures and happiness. Kant, however, in his endless quest toremain separate from emotions and thrive only on logic, would argue thatautonomy should be placed above happiness in a list of intrinsic values. A goodwill, however, does not comfort an individual in any way if happiness does notaccompany this asset, Consider this example of a seemingly happily marriedcouple. The wife in this duo is madly in love with her husband fiercely loyal,and completely happy with her marriage and children. The husband, however, aswrongfully strayed, and had a brief, but damaging affair behind his wifes back. Kant would argue that autonomy reigns over pleasure, and the woman shouldtherefore want to be informed of her husbands adultery, Mill would greatlydisagree. By revealing the secret of the past affair, the womans happy worldwould be instantly shattered. Her pride would diminish, her stability wouldfall apart, and the children especially would be forced to view a nasty side oftheir beloved father. In this case, individual control is greatly overshadowedby the need for happiness. The husband is no longer acting unfaithful and thefamily can easily continue to live in a happy realm, If the secret were tobecome uncovered, all members of this circumstance unavoidably would becometerribly disappointed, Under the Greatest Happiness Principle, the wife shouldnot be informed. Since happiness truly lives as the ultimate in human desires,sparing such immense amounts of pain truly is the logical choice, Millsargument prevails, and all those involved remain happy. Through this example,one can easil y see that although autonomy is often a favorable feature, it doesnot overshadow the importance of happiness. One of the main arguments against Utilitarianism exist in the lack ofapparent fairness. An advocate of the Kantian logic principle would argue thatMills belief system does not allow for equal treatment, When considering whatis best for an entire society, however, it is necessary for certain individualsto endure suffering. The good of society remains the ultimate goal, andunfortunate pain is therefore inevitable, If young children are being killed ina certain community, the obvious good for this society is discovering andpunishing the murderer. Especially when children are involved, peopleautomatically demand prompt justice. The officials of this area have searchedimmensely for the accused, yet no leads have surfaced, and the communitysuddenly erupts with anger, they demand that someone be punished, As aUtilitarian, the police chief sees a window of opportunity. A drug dealer hasrecently been brought in on yet another drug selling offense, and the chiefdecides to coerce the invalu abl e member of society into confessing the crime athand, By doing so, the community instantly reunites in support and a dangerousand deadly revolt is avoided, and a menace to society is right back where hewould have been regardless of his confession: behind bars, Kant, however, wouldargue that logically, the chase for the true offender should continue. He wouldshun the emotional decision to make the whole society happy by ignoring therational decisions. But since the community obviously chooses happiness overlogic, Kants arguments are irrelevant. In addition, Kant believes in adecision making process completely separate from the natural human emotions,Such a demand is possible only for a character such as Star Treks Dr. Spock,for human emotions are as much a part of every day life as the decision makingprocess itself. Logically speaking, therefore, Mills Utilitarianism argumentsmaintain the largest dose of validity. .ufab5a64e46b910581aede84a3640893e , .ufab5a64e46b910581aede84a3640893e .postImageUrl , .ufab5a64e46b910581aede84a3640893e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufab5a64e46b910581aede84a3640893e , .ufab5a64e46b910581aede84a3640893e:hover , .ufab5a64e46b910581aede84a3640893e:visited , .ufab5a64e46b910581aede84a3640893e:active { border:0!important; } .ufab5a64e46b910581aede84a3640893e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufab5a64e46b910581aede84a3640893e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufab5a64e46b910581aede84a3640893e:active , .ufab5a64e46b910581aede84a3640893e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufab5a64e46b910581aede84a3640893e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufab5a64e46b910581aede84a3640893e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufab5a64e46b910581aede84a3640893e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufab5a64e46b910581aede84a3640893e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufab5a64e46b910581aede84a3640893e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufab5a64e46b910581aede84a3640893e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufab5a64e46b910581aede84a3640893e .ufab5a64e46b910581aede84a3640893e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufab5a64e46b910581aede84a3640893e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Eliezer Wiesels Night EssayOther opponents to the philosophical viewpoint of Utilitarianism statethat followers of this belief system often promote an ignorant lifestyle, Theymaintain that advocates of the Greatest Happiness Principle believe in thetheory that ignorance is bliss, Again, such reasoning is quite faulty. Displaying the erroneousness of this statement can be done by examining theissue of AIDS, An opponent of Utilitarianism would say an Infected HIV victimwould not want to be aware of his disorder, Such a belief is extremely incorrect. Mill and other Utilitarian are strong advocates of education, for withintelligence, greater levels of achievement and happiness can be obtained. Amember of this belief system would rightly argue that being aware of thedisorder could increase long-term happiness, for treatments and support fromfriends and family could greatly aid the victims fight against his or heralhnents, Mills therefore strongly support education systems and believe inmaking society as a whole as happy as possible. In the case of the AIDS victim,a Utilitarian would also support the notification of the disorder to the victimin order to spare others of contracting the virus, The happiness of the majoritywould not be increased by an unknowing HIV carrier spreading the disease toother defenseless individuals, Utilitarianism clearly is not a ignorant way tolive, and the Kantian philosophy of ignoring the irrational system of emotionscannot refute this standard. Without happiness, the other opportunities and necessities lose nearlyall levels of importance. A true Utilitarian supports only those concepts thatpromote the highest levels of pleasures, and as Mill states, encourages onlythose actions that promote real happiness, From a Kantian viewpoint, rationalityand the possession of a good will remains the most important element, but evensomeone with the truest and most logical of intentions can easily exist in arealm of pure depression. The one link that exists between these oppositebelief systems is the concept that, all decisions should be made outside ofones personality. The key is that Kant said this decisions should be madewithout any regard for human emotions, A request of this magnitude is a part ofa utopian society only, for ignoring ones emotions is an illogical assumptionin itself, If your child and wife are both dying, deciding which one to savecannot be made without some emotional influence, Utilitarianism allows for theemotional side of life but requests only that the Greatest Happiness Principlebe strictly followed. Any truly decent human being naturally follows such arequest every day, Decisions are made based on the greatest level of happiness,That way, the largest majority of people benefit, and the greatest amount ofhappiness is achieved. Yet as Kant believed, a more morally correct decisionlies at the heart of every dilemma. How does one decide who is morally more correct to save in an instancewhere two cherished loved ones are passing away, and only one individual may besaved? And even more importantly, how does one do so without regard emotions?I personally feel that living strictly by the doctrine of Kantian philosophy iscompletely impossible. Being a Utilitarian and hedonist, such as Mill, makesmore sense to me.